Expression and cellular localization of the transcription factor NeuroD1 in the developing and adult rat pineal gland

Circadian rhythms govern many aspects of mammalian physiology. The daily pattern of melatonin synthesis and secretion is one of the classic examples of circadian oscillations. It is mediated by a class of neuroendocrine cells known as pinealocytes which are not yet fully defined. An established method to evaluate functional and cytological characters is through the expression of lineage‐specific transcriptional regulators. NeuroD1 is a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor involved in the specification and maintenance of both endocrine and neuronal phenotypes. We have previously described developmental and adult regulation of NeuroD1 mRNA in the rodent pineal gland. However, the transcript levels were not influenced by the elimination of sympathetic input, suggesting that any rhythmicity of NeuroD1 might be found downstream of transcription. Here, we describe NeuroD1 protein expression and cellular localization in the rat pineal gland during development and the daily cycle. In embryonic and perinatal stages, protein expression follows the mRNA pattern and is predominantly nuclear. Thereafter, NeuroD1 is mostly found in pinealocyte nuclei in the early part of the night and in cytoplasm during the day, a rhythm maintained into adulthood. Additionally, nocturnal nuclear NeuroD1 levels are reduced after sympathetic disruption, an effect mimicked by the in vivo administration of α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor blockers. NeuroD1 phosphorylation at two sites, Ser274 and Ser336, associates with nuclear localization in pinealocytes. These data suggest that NeuroD1 influences pineal phenotype both during development and adulthood, in an autonomic and phosphorylation‐dependent manner.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111177/1/jpi12228.pd

PAINEL AGLOMERADO HÍBRIDO DE CASCA DE AMENDOIM REFORÇADO COM PARTÍCULAS DE MADEIRA ITAÚBA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815726In this paper, it was considered the study of the potential use of peanut hulls and wood particles of itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba) species in order to add value to these materials through the manufacture of hybrid particle board in order to compare the physical and mechanical performances as well as durability. For these procedures, it was used the bi-component polyurethane resin based on castor beans (mammon) oil and urea-formaldehyde. The product quality was evaluated based on the requirements of the standards NBR 14.810:2006 APA PRP and 108, through physico-mechanical and microstructural durability. The results indicate that the incorporation of wood particles warrants an increase in physical-mechanical properties of the particleboard manufactured with peanut hulls, the polyurethane resin based on castor oil was effective as a particle adhesive binder and the durability assay indicated that the material should be used under conditions of low exposure to moisture.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815726No presente trabalho, considerou-se o estudo do potencial de utilização de casca de amendoim e partículas de madeira da espécie itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba) com o intuito de agregar valor a estes materiais, por meio da fabricação de painéis de partículas híbridos, a fim de comparar os desempenhos físicos, mecânicos e durabilidade. Para esses procedimentos foram utilizadas a resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona e a ureia-formaldeído. A qualidade dos produtos foi avaliada com base nas prescrições do documento normativo NBR 14.810:2006 e APA PRP 108, por meio de ensaios físico-mecânicos, microestruturais e de durabilidade. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que a incorporação de partículas de madeira proporcionou aumento nas propriedades físico-mecânicas do painel de partículas com casca de amendoim, a resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona mostrou-se eficiente como adesivo aglomerante das partículas e o ensaio de durabilidade indicou que o material deve ser utilizado em condições de exposição de baixo contato com umidade

CROWDED HYBRID PANEL MANUFACTURED WITH PEANUT HULLS REINFORCED WITH ITA aBA WOOD PARTICLES

In this paper, it was considered the study of the potential use of peanut hulls and wood particles of ita\ufaba ( Mezilaurus itauba ) species in order to add value to these materials through the manufacture of hybrid particle board in order to compare the physical and mechanical performances as well as durability. For these procedures, it was used the bi-component polyurethane resin based on castor beans (mammon) oil and urea-formaldehyde. The product quality was evaluated based on the requirements of the standards NBR 14.810:2006 APA PRP and 108, through physico-mechanical and microstructural durability. The results indicate that the incorporation of wood particles warrants an increase in physical-mechanical properties of the particleboard manufactured with peanut hulls, the polyurethane resin based on castor oil was effective as a particle adhesive binder and the durability assay indicated that the material should be used under conditions of low exposure to moisture.No presente trabalho, considerou-se o estudo do potencial de utiliza\ue7\ue3o de casca de amendoim e part\uedculas de madeira da esp\ue9cie ita\ufaba ( Mezilaurus itauba ) com o intuito de agregar valor a estes materiais, por meio da fabrica\ue7\ue3o de pain\ue9is de part\uedculas h\uedbridos, a fim de comparar os desempenhos f\uedsicos, mec\ue2nicos e durabilidade. Para esses procedimentos foram utilizadas a resina poliuretana bicomponente \ue0 base de \uf3leo de mamona e a ureia-formalde\ueddo. A qualidade dos produtos foi avaliada com base nas prescri\ue7\uf5es do documento normativo NBR 14.810:2006 e APA PRP 108, por meio de ensaios f\uedsico-mec\ue2nicos, microestruturais e de durabilidade. Com os resultados obtidos foi poss\uedvel verificar que a incorpora\ue7\ue3o de part\uedculas de madeira proporcionou aumento nas propriedades f\uedsico-mec\ue2nicas do painel de part\uedculas com casca de amendoim, a resina poliuretana \ue0 base de \uf3leo de mamona mostrou-se eficiente como adesivo aglomerante das part\uedculas e o ensaio de durabilidade indicou que o material deve ser utilizado em condi\ue7\uf5es de exposi\ue7\ue3o de baixo contato com umidade

International Union of Angiology (IUA) consensus paper on imaging strategies in atherosclerotic carotid artery imaging: From basic strategies to advanced approaches

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and disability in developed countries. According to WHO, an estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to major adverse cardiac and cerebral events. Early detection and care for individuals at high risk could save lives, alleviate suffering, and diminish economic burden associated with these diseases. Carotid artery disease is not only a well-established risk factor for ischemic stroke, contributing to 10%–20% of strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), but it is also a surrogate marker of generalized atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular events. In addition to diligent history, physical examination, and laboratory detection of metabolic abnormalities leading to vascular changes, imaging of carotid arteries adds very important information in assessing stroke and overall cardiovascular risk. Spanning from carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements in arteriopathy to plaque burden, morphology and biology in more advanced disease, imaging of carotid arteries could help not only in stroke prevention but also in ameliorating cardiovascular events in other territories (e.g. in the coronary arteries). While ultrasound is the most widely available and affordable imaging methods, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), their combination and other more sophisticated methods have introduced novel concepts in detection of carotid plaque characteristics and risk assessment of stroke and other cardiovascular events. However, in addition to robust progress in usage of these methods, all of them have limitations which should be taken into account. The main purpose of this consensus document is to discuss pros but also cons in clinical, epidemiological and research use of all these techniques

Medical treatment of prolactinomas.

Prolactinomas, the most prevalent type of neuroendocrine disease, account for approximately 40% of all pituitary adenomas. The most important clinical problems associated with prolactinomas are hypogonadism, infertility and hyposexuality. In patients with macroprolactinomas, mass effects, including visual field defects, headaches and neurological disturbances, can also occur. The objectives of therapy are normalization of prolactin levels, to restore eugonadism, and reduction of tumor mass, both of which can be achieved in the majority of patients by treatment with dopamine agonists. Given their association with minimal morbidity, these drugs currently represent the mainstay of treatment for prolactinomas. Novel data indicate that these agents can be successfully withdrawn in a subset of patients after normalization of prolactin levels and tumor disappearance, which suggests the possibility that medical therapy may not be required throughout life. Nevertheless, multimodal therapy that involves surgery, radiotherapy or both may be necessary in some cases, such as patients who are resistant to the effects of dopamine agonists or for those with atypical prolactinomas. This Review reports on efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in patients with prolactinomas

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Surgical Techniques and Nuances for Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy and Decentralization in Rats

The sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including regulation of homeostatic functions, maintenance of the circadian rhythms, and neuronal disruption and recovery after injury. Of special interest is focus on the role of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in regulating the daily changes in pineal function. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion (SCGx) and decentralization have served as valuable microsurgical models to investigate the effects of surgical denervation on this gland or organ. In this chapter, we offer information about methodologies for performing SCGx along with decentralization and denervation procedures, including details about recommended equipment as well as tips that can improve these techniques.Fil: Madhani, Sarosh Irfan. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: David C. Klein. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Muñoz, Estela Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Savastano, Luis E.. University of California; Estados Unido